Giving reason explain how the following should be treated in estimation of national income :

(i) It is factor income to abroad, so it is not included. (ii) It is included as factor income from abroad.

 Reasons :  (i) Expenditure on Fertilizers-It is intermediate cost for the farmer and deducted from the value of output while arriving at National income, Therefore, not included. (ii) Purchase of Tractor-lt is included...

Reasons:  (i) Payment of Bonus- It will be included in national income as it is a part of the compensation of employees.  (ii) Payment of Interest-lt will not be included in the national...

Reasons:  (i) Interest paid by Banks-It will be included as it is a factor income.  (ii) National Debt Interest-It will not be included as it is assumed that Government borrows for consumption...

Reasons:  (i) Payment of excise duty only increases the market value of final goods and services. Therefore, this is not included in the estimation of national income.  (ii) Payment of interest by...

Reasons :  (i) Free medical facilities by the employer are included in the estimation of national income because it is a kind of wages in kind and therefore, a part of...

(i) Expenditure by a firm on payment of fees to chartered accountants - It not included in national income because it is an intermediate cost for the firm. (ii) Payment of corporate tax by a...

(i) Fee to a mechanic paid by a firm is intermediate consumption expenditure of a firm. Since the inclusion of intermediate consumption expenditure leads to double counting, it will not...

Reasons: (i) Bonus - It should be included because it is compensation paid to employees. (ii) Addition to stock - It should also be included because it is an investment, a final...

Reason: (i) Included in National Income because it results in inflows of income through productive activities. (ii) It is not included in the national income because it is a transfer payment. (iii) It...