(i) Payment of excise duty only increases the market value of final goods and services. Therefore, this is not included in the estimation of national income.
(ii) Payment of interest by a firm is included in the national income because a firm takes loans for productive purposes.
(b) Indirect taxes are the charges that are levied on goods and services. Some of the significant indirect taxes include Value Added Tax, Central Sales Tax, Central Excise Duty, Customs...
Precautions:
(i) Transfer of payments should not be includes as there is no value addition in the economy.
(ii) Capital gains from sale of old goods should not be included.
(iii) Commission etc...
Reasons :
(i) Expenditure on Fertilizers-It is intermediate cost for the farmer and deducted from the value of output while arriving at National income, Therefore, not included.
(ii) Purchase of Tractor-lt is included...
Reasons:
(i) Payment of Bonus- It will be included in national income as it is a part of the compensation of employees.
(ii) Payment of Interest-lt will not be included in the national...
Reasons:
(i) Interest paid by Banks-It will be included as it is a factor income.
(ii) National Debt Interest-It will not be included as it is assumed that Government borrows for consumption...
Reasons:
(i) Expenditure on the education of children by a family is included in national income since it is a part of Private Final Consumption Expenditure.
(ii) Payment of electricity bill by...
Reasons :
(i) Festival gift from an employer is not included in the estimation of national income because this is a transfer payment.
(ii) Rent free house from an employer is included...
Reasons :
(i) Free medical facilities by the employer are included in the estimation of national income because it is a kind of wages in kind and therefore, a part of...
Reasons:
(i) Bonus - It should be included because it is compensation paid to employees.
(ii) Addition to stock - It should also be included because it is an investment, a final...
Reason:
(i) Included in National Income because it results in inflows of income through productive activities.
(ii) It is not included in the national income because it is a transfer payment.
(iii) It...
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