Steps of Recombinant DNA technology are given below. 1. Identification and isolation of the genetic material. 2. Fragmentation of DNA. 3. Obtaining the foreign gene product. 4. Downstream processing. 5. Ligation of DNA fragmentation into the vector. 6. Isolation of desired DNA fragments. 7. Amplification of gene of interest. 8. Transfer of Recombinant DNA into the host cell/organism. The correct sequence of steps is

The various steps for construction of libraries are ___________ i) Fragmentation of DNA ii) Isolation of genomic DNA iii) Amplification iv) Ligation and introduction to the host v) Vector preparation The correct order of construction of libraries is (In the order of starting to ending).

A

i)-ii)-iii)-iv)-v)

B

ii)-i)-v)-iv)-iii)

C

ii)-v)-i)-iv)-iii)

D

v)-ii)-i)-iii)-iv)

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives. Genetic variation is the cornerstone of evolution, without which there can be no natural selection, and so a low genetic diversity decreases the ability of a species to survive and reproduce, explains lead author Yoshan Moodley, Professor at the Department of Zoology, University of Venda in South Africa. Two centuries ago, the black rhinoceros – which roamed much of sub Saharan Africa – had 64 different genetic lineages; but today only 20 of these lineages remain, says the paper. The species is now restricted to five countries, South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Tanzania. Genetically unique populations that once existed in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Malawi and Angola have disappeared. The origins of the 'genetic erosion' coincided with colonial rule in Africa and the popularity of big game hunting. From the second half of the 20th century, however, poaching for horns has dramatically depleted their population and genetic diversity, especially in Kenya and Tanzania.
Sub Sharan Africa has lost how many black rhino genetic lineages in 200 years?

A

64

B

20

C

44

D

30

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives. Genetic variation is the cornerstone of evolution, without which there can be no natural selection, and so a low genetic diversity decreases the ability of a species to survive and reproduce, explains lead author Yoshan Moodley, Professor at the Department of Zoology, University of Venda in South Africa. Two centuries ago, the black rhinoceros – which roamed much of sub Saharan Africa – had 64 different genetic lineages; but today only 20 of these lineages remain, says the paper. The species is now restricted to five countries, South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Tanzania. Genetically unique populations that once existed in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Malawi and Angola have disappeared. The origins of the 'genetic erosion' coincided with colonial rule in Africa and the popularity of big game hunting. From the second half of the 20th century, however, poaching for horns has dramatically depleted their population and genetic diversity, especially in Kenya and Tanzania.
Genetic diversity is proportional to _____________________.

A

species population

B

the ability of a species to survive and reproduce

C

inbreeding

D

extinction

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives. Genetic variation is the cornerstone of evolution, without which there can be no natural selection, and so a low genetic diversity decreases the ability of a species to survive and reproduce, explains lead author Yoshan Moodley, Professor at the Department of Zoology, University of Venda in South Africa. Two centuries ago, the black rhinoceros – which roamed much of sub Saharan Africa – had 64 different genetic lineages; but today only 20 of these lineages remain, says the paper. The species is now restricted to five countries, South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Tanzania. Genetically unique populations that once existed in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Malawi and Angola have disappeared. The origins of the 'genetic erosion' coincided with colonial rule in Africa and the popularity of big game hunting. From the second half of the 20th century, however, poaching for horns has dramatically depleted their population and genetic diversity, especially in Kenya and Tanzania.
What is important for evolution?

A

Genetic variation

B

Large population

C

Mixing of species

D

Survival of the fittest

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives. Genetic variation is the cornerstone of evolution, without which there can be no natural selection, and so a low genetic diversity decreases the ability of a species to survive and reproduce, explains lead author Yoshan Moodley, Professor at the Department of Zoology, University of Venda in South Africa. Two centuries ago, the black rhinoceros – which roamed much of sub Saharan Africa – had 64 different genetic lineages; but today only 20 of these lineages remain, says the paper. The species is now restricted to five countries, South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Tanzania. Genetically unique populations that once existed in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Malawi and Angola have disappeared. The origins of the 'genetic erosion' coincided with colonial rule in Africa and the popularity of big game hunting. From the second half of the 20th century, however, poaching for horns has dramatically depleted their population and genetic diversity, especially in Kenya and Tanzania.
Genetically unique black rhinoceros has been lost in all of the following countries, except?

A

Tanzania

B

Nigeria

C

Chad

D

Malawi

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives. Genetic variation is the cornerstone of evolution, without which there can be no natural selection, and so a low genetic diversity decreases the ability of a species to survive and reproduce, explains lead author Yoshan Moodley, Professor at the Department of Zoology, University of Venda in South Africa. Two centuries ago, the black rhinoceros – which roamed much of sub Saharan Africa – had 64 different genetic lineages; but today only 20 of these lineages remain, says the paper. The species is now restricted to five countries, South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Tanzania. Genetically unique populations that once existed in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Malawi and Angola have disappeared. The origins of the 'genetic erosion' coincided with colonial rule in Africa and the popularity of big game hunting. From the second half of the 20th century, however, poaching for horns has dramatically depleted their population and genetic diversity, especially in Kenya and Tanzania.
From the second half of the 20th century what has caused a dramatic fall in black rhinoceros population?

A

poaching

B

colonial rule

C

big game hunting

D

fall in genetic diversity

Mechanism of ligation for both T4 DNA ligase and E. coli DNA ligase makes use of Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP). Which of the steps is involved in the ligation mechanism?

A

AMP is added to the 5’ phosphate of one of the DNA molecule

B

It leads to the liberation of pyrophosphate from NAD and nicotinamide mononucleotide from ATP

C

The AMP is further displaced by an electrophilic attack

D

The AMP is further displaced by nucleophilic attack by 3’ hydroxyl of the same DNA molecule

Consider the following statements.
I. T4 DNA ligase can catalyze blunt end Ligation more efficiently than E. coli DNA ligase.
II. The ligation efficiency of T4 DNA Ligase can be increased with PEG and ficoll.

A

Only I is true

B

Both I and II are true

C

Only II is true

D

I is true and II is false

A man can cross a downstream river by steamer in 40 minutes and same by boat in 1 hour. If the time of crossing Upstream by streamer is 50% more than downstream time by steamer and the time required by boat to cross same river by boat in upstream is 50% more than time required by in downstream. What is the time taken for the man to cross the river downstream by steamer and then return to same place by boat half the way and by steamer the rest of the way?

A

85 minutes

B

115 minutes

C

120 minutes

D

125 minutes

E

None of these

Consider the following statements regarding the general symptoms of diseases and choose the correct answer:
1. The charges in the host which serve to recognise the disease are called the signs and symptoms of the disease
2. The sign of a disease is the external appearance of some portion of the pathogen of the host
3. The symptoms are the visible effects which the host plant induces on the parasites
4. Any visible deviation on the host plant from the normal structure and function is called a symptom

A

Only 1, 2 and 4 are true

B

Only 2, 3 and 4 are true

C

Only 2 and 4 are true

D

1, 2, 3 and 4 are true