What are the following substances? Give one example of each one of them:
(i) Tranquillisers
(ii) Food preservatives
(iii) Synthetic detergents
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(i) Tranquillizers are a class of chemical compounds used for the treatment of stress, fatigue, and mild or even severe mental diseases. These relieve anxiety, stress, irritability or excitement by inducing a sense of well-being, e.g., iproniazid, chlordiazopoxide, equanil, luminal, etc.
(ii) Food preservatives are the chemical substances which are added to food materials to prevent their spoilage due to microbial growth and to retain their nutritive value for long periods. Preservatives prevent the rancidity of food and inhibit growth or kill the microorganisms. The most-common preservatives used are sugar, vegetable oil, sodium benzoate, salts of ascorbic acid and propanoic acid.
(iii) Synthetic detergents are cleansing agents, which have all the properties of soaps but actually do not contain any soap. These can be used in both soft water and hard water as they produce foam even in hard water. These are mainly classified into three categories:
* Anionic detergents, e.g., sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate
* Cationic detergents, e.g., cetyltrimethy ammonium bromide
*Non-ionic detergents, e.g., polyethylene glycol stearate