Analyse any three reasons for the beginning of the consumer movement in India.
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At the world level, the origin of consumer movement was in the form of consumer cooperatives. The first cooperative came in 1904 ln Madras but there was not much development until 1962. The objectives of consumer movement were different in India from those of western countries.
Objectives of Indian consumer movement in 1970 were as follows :
(i) Shortage of consumer products.
(ii) Adulteration and black marketing.
(iii) Range of product is less due to lack of technology advancement.
The main focus was on availability, price and purity. But in recent year there has been change in the objectives and factors, such as :
(i) Increasing consumer awareness.
(ii) Increasing quality of goods.
(iii) Enhancing consumer expectation by educating them about their rights.
Organised efforts through consumer societies. Now consumer grievances cell has been opened for the protection of consumer interest. Consumers are representatives on a number of consumer welfare committees. These cells are active in urban area but most of the rural areas are still untouched. So there is need to open up more cells so that everyone can come under one umbrella.
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(a) In India, the consumer movement as a social force originated with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interest of consumers against unethical and unfair trade practices.
(b) Rampant food shortages, hoarding, black marketing, adulteration; the malpractices of food and edible oil gave birth to the consumer movement in an organized form in the 1960s.
(c) Till the 1970s, consumer organizations were largely engaged in writing articles and holding exhibitions. They formed consumer groups to look into malpractices in ration shops.
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