A 29-year-old primigravida comes to the obstetrician for a prenatal visit. She is known to be HIV positive. She also has asthma, for which she uses an inhaler. She has no known drug allergies Extensive counselling is given to her regarding vertical transmission of HIV to her baby. It is recommended to her that she take antiretroviral therapy during the pregnancy to decrease the vertical transmission rate. It is also recommended to her that she have a scheduled Cesarean delivery. After consideration of these options, the patient chooses not to take the antiretroviral therapy and opts for a vaginal delivery. Which of the following represents the approximate risk of vertical transmission for this woman:?

LohaHridoy
  1. 1.5%
  2. 8%
  3. 25%
  4. 100%

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Option 3 : 25%

Explanation

  • According to UNAIDS, 34 million people are infected with HIV.
  • Passage of pathogen from mother to baby immediately before and after birth is called Vertical transmission.

  •  The rate and risk of vertical transmission is based on;
    • Involvement of Intervention.
    • Presence of anti-retroviral drug therapy.
    • Immune status.
  • Absence of intervention and absence of ARV cause 15%-45% risk.
  • With ARV treatment the vertical transmission risk is reduced up to 2%.
  • In the Indian subcontinent and sub-Saharan region, without ARV, The risk is 25%.
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