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Batch fermentation of glucose to ethanol yields a productivity of 4.5 g<sup>-1</sup>L h<sup>-1</sup>. If the yeast cell concentration in the fermentation broth is 5% (v/v) and the intracellular NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH concentration in the yeast cells is 10 μM, the cycling rate of NAD<sup>+</sup> ⇌ NADH will be

Correct Answer: 20,000 cycles h<sup>-1</sup>

In an accident a container containing ethanol(s.g 0.789) falls down in a room of dimension 1*1*2(all in m). Ethanol forms a layer of 2mm. Ethanol vaporizes and diffuses through a stagnant film of air of thickness 2.5mm. What will be the time required for the water layer to disappear completely. The diffusivity of ethanol in air is 2.567*10-5 m2/s. the total pressure is 1.013 bar and the pressure of ethanol in bulk air is 0.02244 bar and at the ethanol-air interface is 0.02718bar. The temperature is 25.2°C.

Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT for antigen activated effector T cells?
P. CD4+ cells make contact with macrophages and stimulate their microbicidal activity.
Q. CD4+ cells make contact with B cells and stimulate them to differentiate into plasma cells.
R. CD8+ cells make contact with B cells and stimulate them to differentiate into plasma cells.
S. CD8+ cells make contact with virus infected cells and kill them.

The admission ticket for an exhibition bears a password which is changed after every clock hour based on set of words chosen for each day. The following is an illustration of the code and steps of rearrangement for subsequent clock hours. The time is 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Day's first password : First Batch ----- 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. is not ready cloth simple harmony burning Second Batch ----- 10 a.m. to 11 a.m. ready not is cloth burning harmony simple Third Batch ----- 11 a.m. to 12 noon cloth is not ready simple harmony burning Fourth Batch ----- 12 noon to 1 p.m. not is cloth ready burning harmony simple Fifth Batch ----- 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. ready cloth is not simple harmony burning and so on. If the password for 11 a.m. to 12 noon was --- "soap shy miss pen yet the she", what was the password for the first batch ?

Zymomonas mobilis is used to convert glucose to ethanol in a batch fermenter under anaerobic conditions. The yield of biomass from substrate is 0.06 g g-1; YPX is 7.7 g g-1. The maintenance coefficient is 2.2 g g-1 h-1; the specific rate of product formation due to maintenance is 1.1 h-1. The maximum specific growth rate of Z. mobilis is approximately 0.3 h-1.5 g bacteria are inoculated into 50 litres of medium containing 12 g l-1 glucose. Determine batch culture times required to produce 10 g biomass.

A solid-oxide fuel cell is fed with carbon monoxide and reacts with air to produce CO2. This reaction will produce 2 electrons which are used to power an electric circuit external to the fuel cell. The reaction equation is shown below: 2CO(g) + O2(g) -> 2CO2(g) ΔHr° = -565.96 kJ/mol This reaction does not occur for other types of fuel cells which use a catalyst, such as polymerelectrolyte membrane or phosphoric-acid fuel cells. The presence of carbon monoxide on the anode side of these types of fuel cells will cause catalyst poisoning, reducing the efficiency and voltage of the fuel cell. Determine the rate of enthalpy change for a carbon dioxide production rate of 208 mol/hr. The extent of the reaction occurring in the fuel cell can be obtained by the following equation: where:

Which of the following statements are correct regarding common differences between plant and animal cells?
1. Plant cells have cellulose cell wall, while animal cells lack it.
2. Plant cells lack plasma membrane, while animal cells have it.
3. Mature plant cell have a large vacuole, while animal cells have numerous small vacuoles.

The kinetics of the disintegration of baker's yeast cells in a bead mill is described as $$\frac{{dp}}{{dt}} = K\left( {{P_m} - P} \right)$$   , where P is the concentration of protein released, m is the maximum protein concentration achievable, K is the first order rate constant and is 0.5 h−1 for the system studied. The time required for the release of 90% of the intracellular proteins will be:

A bacterial culture with an appropriate biomass composition of CH1.8O0.5N0.2 is grown aerobically on a defined medium containing glucose as the sole carbon source and ammonia being the nitrogen source. In this fermentation, biomass is formed with a yield coefficient of 0.35 gram dry cell weight per gram of glucose and acetate is produced with a yield coefficient of 0.1 gram acetate per gram of glucose. The respiratory coefficient for the above culture will be

In a batch process, the reaction takes place in the presence of an acid medium. The acid is drained from the reaction vessel at the rate of 15ml/s as a result of the density difference of the acid from the reacting component. To avoid wastage of acid, it is recycled to an acid tank which has 1000 L capacity. The acid drained from the reaction vessel, picks up 50 g/L solids from the reactor. Acid is fed once again to the process from acid tank. When the process is started, the acid is almost pure in the tank as a result of filtration. As the reaction proceeds, acid in the tank gets more and more contaminated with the solids. The concentration of the solids should not exceed 100 g/L from the process point of view. The batch time is 16h. Estimate whether the concentration of the solids will exceed 100g/L during the batch reaction.

In balanced growth phase of a cell,
P. All components of a cell grow at the same rate.
Q. Specific growth determined by cell number or cell mass would be the same.
R. The growth rate is independent of substrate concentration.
S. The growth rate decreases with decreasing substrate concentration.