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Which of the following cytokine is not released by Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in order to carry out host defence mechanisms?

Correct Answer: TGF-β
Three of the most important cytokines released by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are IFN-γ, TNF-α and TNF-β. IFN-γ directly inhibits viral replication as well as it enhances the expression of MHC class I and the molecules which are involved in peptide loading of the newly synthesized MHC class I proteins in infected cells. It also helps in activating macrophages by recruiting them to sites of infection both as effector cells and as antigen-presenting cells. TNF-α and TNF-β combine and interact with IFN-γ in order to activate macrophages. They also help in killing some target cells.

Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT for antigen activated effector T cells?
P. CD4+ cells make contact with macrophages and stimulate their microbicidal activity.
Q. CD4+ cells make contact with B cells and stimulate them to differentiate into plasma cells.
R. CD8+ cells make contact with B cells and stimulate them to differentiate into plasma cells.
S. CD8+ cells make contact with virus infected cells and kill them.

Lineage commitment is a process in which CD4–CD8– (double negative) thymocytes differentiate to CD4– and/or CD8– T cells. 

Cytotoxic immune response of NK cells leads to the release of which cytotoxic molecules?

Secretion of exosomes by fully activated Cytotoxic T cells is mediated by which cytokine?

Consider the following statements regarding the general symptoms of diseases and choose the correct answer:
1. The charges in the host which serve to recognise the disease are called the signs and symptoms of the disease
2. The sign of a disease is the external appearance of some portion of the pathogen of the host
3. The symptoms are the visible effects which the host plant induces on the parasites
4. Any visible deviation on the host plant from the normal structure and function is called a symptom

Planar mechanisms and spherical mechanisms are included under spatial mechanisms. True or false?

Which of the following statements are correct regarding common differences between plant and animal cells?
1. Plant cells have cellulose cell wall, while animal cells lack it.
2. Plant cells lack plasma membrane, while animal cells have it.
3. Mature plant cell have a large vacuole, while animal cells have numerous small vacuoles.

Which of the following cytokine is an anti-inflammatory cytokine?

Cytokine analogs are used in cytokine based therapies. True/False?

What is the ratio of CD4+ cells to CD8+ cells?