Name any two databases important in bioinformatics. Mention the type of information which may be obtained from these databases.
OR
Suggest two possible ways for analyzing a given sequence using bioinformatics.
Database | Information Available |
EMBL(European Molecular
Biology Laboratory) |
Nucleotide sequence |
Nucleotide sequence | Annotated protein sequence |
PDB (Protein Database) | Three dimensional structure of proteins |
Ribosomal RNA database | r RNA subunit sequences |
PALI database | Phylogenetic analysis and alignment of protein |
OR
1. Processing raw information: The experimentally determined sequence (raw information) is processed using bioinformatics tools into genes, the proteins encoded and their function, the regulatory sequences, and inferring phylogenetic relationships.
2. Genes: Gene prediction can be done by using computer programs like Gene Mark for bacterial genomes and GENSCAN for eukaryotes.
3. Proteins: Protein sequences can be inferred from the predicted genes by using simple computer programs.
4. Regulatory sequences: Regulatory sequences can also be identified and analysed by using bioinformatics tools.
5. Inferring phylogenetic relationships: Information regarding the relationships between organisms can be obtained by aligning multiple sequences, calculating evolutionary distance and constructing phylogenetic trees.
6. Making a Discovery: Using the bioinformatics tools and databases, the functions of unknown genes can be predicted.