Write suitable conditions of concentration, temperature and pressure used during manufacture of ammonia by Haber process.
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i. Concentration :
Addition of H2 or N2 both favours forward reaction. This increases the yield of NH3.
ii. Temperature :
The formation NH3 is exothermic.
Hence,
Low temperature should favour the formation of NH3.
However,
At low temperatures,
The rate of reaction is small.
At high temperatures,
The reaction occurs rapidly but decomposition of NH3 occurs.
Hence,
Optimum temperature of about 773 K is used.
iii. Pressure :
The forward reaction is favoured with high pressure as it proceeds with decrease in number of moles.
At high pressure,
The catalyst becomes inefficient.
Therefore,
Optimum pressure needs to be used.
The optimum pressure is about 250 atm.
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