The atmosphere only contains air but all the air in the atmosphere is not at the same temperature. Some of the air layers are cold whereas others are comparatively warm....
The shift is maximum for violet light.
Hint: The shift is maximum for violet light because the refractive index of glass is the most for the violet light and apparent =...
(i) Laws of refraction :
(a) The incident ray, the normal and the refracted ray, all lie in the same plane.
(b) The ratio of sine of the angle of incidence and...