Dry ammonia has no action on litmus paper but a solution of ammonia in water turns red litmus paper blue. Why is it so?

Monjur Alahi

Dry ammonia has no action on litmus paper but a solution of ammonia in water turns red litmus paper blue. Why is it so?


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Salim Ahmed Kawsar

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In dry state Ammonia contains no hydroxyl ions. On dissolving in water, it forms NH4OH which dissociates to give NH4 + and OH-ions. Thus solution becomes basic and turns red litmus paper blue.

NH3 (g) + H2O (l) ---------------> NH4OH (aq)

NH4OH (aq) --------------> NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

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