If λ1 and λ2 are the wavelengths of characteristic X-γ rays and γ - rays respectively, then the relation between them is

(c) The source of ozone is the oxygen in the atmosphere. Ozone layer protects the living being from the UV radiation which reaches the earth.

(c) λe < λp = λn > λα

(ii) Isotropic nature. 

Light of shorter wavelengths

(i) In vaccume light or any electromagnetic wave velocity is always constant 3 × 108 m/s and it does not depend on wavelength or frequency. (ii) As we know v ...

(a) In vacuum, both have the same speeds. (b) In glass, red light has a greater speed.

The Tropical zone gets vertical rays of the sun, while temperate and polar zones receive slanting rays of the sun.

(a) Gamma rays, X-rays, infrared rays, micro waves, radio waves. (b) Microwave is used for satellite communication.

(i)Ultraviolet rays-wavelength range 100 Å to 4000 Å (ii)Visible light-wavelength range 4000 Å to 8000 Å (iii)Infrared radiations-wavelength range 8000 Å to 107 Å

Vertical rays are hotter, because these cross shorter distance from the sun to the earth. Consequently the tropical belt is hotter than temperate and polar areas.