Knowing that the chemistry of lanthanoids (Ln) is dominated by its +3 oxidation state,

(b)The elements of group 14 have 4 valence electrons. Therefore, the oxidation state of the group is +4. However, as a result of the inert pair effect, the lower oxidation...

[Hint : Due to inert pair effect.]

In the lanthanide series, +3 oxidation state is most common i.e., Ln(III) compounds are predominant. However, +2 and +4 oxidation states can also be found in the solution or in...

(i) Electronic configuration The general electronic configuration for lanthanoids is [Xe]54 4f0-14 5d0-1 6s2 and that for actinoids is [Rn]86 5f1-14 6d0-1 7s2. Unlike 4f orbitals, 5f orbitals are not deeply...

Lanthanoids primarily show three oxidation states (+2, +3, +4). Among these oxidation states, +3 state is the most common. Lanthanoids display a limited number of oxidation states because the energy difference...

Electronic configuration The general electronic configuration for lanthanoids is [Xe]54 4f0-14 5d0-1 6s2 and that for actinoids is [Rn]86 5f1-14 6d0-1 7s2. Unlike 4f orbitals, 5f orbitals are not deeply buried...

Lanthanoids show limited number of oxidation state, viz., +2, +3 and +4 (out of which +3 is most common). This is because of large energy gap between 4f and 5d-subshells....

(a) : As the distance between the nucleus and 5f orbitals (actinides) is more than the distance between the nucleus and 4f orbitals (lanthanides) hence the hold of nucleus on...

(c) : Actinoids show different oxidation states such as +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 and +7. However +3 oxidation state is most common among all the actinoids. The wide range...