Ammonia forms the complex ion [Cu(NH3)4]^2+ with copper ions in alkaline solutions but not in acidic solutions. What is the reason for it?

Monjur Alahi

Ammonia forms the complex ion [Cu(NH3)4]2+ with copper ions in alkaline solutions but not in acidic solutions. What is the reason for it?
(a) In acidic solutions hydration protects copper ions.
(b) In acidic solutions protons coordinate with ammonia molecules forming NH4+ ions and NH3 molecules are not available.
(c) In alkaline solutions insoluble Cu(OH)2 is precipitated which is soluble in excess of any alkali.
(d) Copper hydroxide is an amphoteric substance.


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Salim Ahmed Kawsar

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(b) : In acidic solution, NH3 forms a bond with H+ to give NH4+ ion which does not have a lone pair on N atom. Hence it cannot act as a ligand.

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