How do Mendel's experiments show that the
(i) traits may be dominant or recessive
(ii) traits are inherited independently
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(i) Mendel conducted experiment on garden pea plant selecting seven visible contrasting characters. He selected and crossed homozygous tall pea plant having the genotype TT with a homozygous dwarf pea plant having the genotype tt. F1 generation consists only of tall plants having genotype Tt.
The expressed allele T for tallness is dominant over the unexpressed allele t for dwarfness. Hence the trait of tallness is dominant while dwarfness or shortness is the recessive characteristics.
Thus, Mendel's experiment showed that traits may be dominant or recessive.
(ii) Mendel performed an experiment in which he took two different traits like tall and dwarf plant and round and wrinkled seeds. In F2 (second) generation, some plants were tall with round seeds and some were dwarf with wrinkled seeds. There would also be dwarf plants having round seeds. Thus, the tall/short traits and round/wrinkled seed traits are independently inherited.
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