Southern Xinjiang or Nanjiang is the southern half of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Its historical name was Altishahr , which also includes some territories in modern-day Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
Southern Xinjiang includes the Tarim Basin and the adjacent mountainous area which includes Aksai Chin. Most of the inhabitants in Southern Xinjiang are Uyghurs.