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Overall rate of reaction in a heterogenous catalytic reaction depends upon the mass and energy transfer from the fluid to solid surface and its rate of reaction is usually __________ the concentration of catalyst, if it does not entail a chain mechanism.
A
Proportional to
B
Independent of
C
Inversely proportional to
D
Proportional to the square of
Correct Answer:
Proportional to
The rate expression for a heterogenous catalytic reaction is given by, - r
A
= K.K
A
P
A
(1 + K
A
.P
A
+ K
r
.P
R
), where K is surface reaction rate constant and K
A
and K
R
are absorption equilibrium constants of A and R respectively. If K
R
P
R
>> (1 + K
A
P
A
), the apparent activation energy E
A
is equal to (given E is the activation energy for the reaction and ΔH
R
and ΔH
A
are the activation energies of adsorption of R and A)
A
E
B
E + ΔH<sub>A</sub>
C
E + ΔH<sub>A</sub> - ΔH<sub>R</sub>
D
ΔH<sub>A</sub> + ΔH<sub>R</sub>
A stream of air at 100 kPa pressure and 300 K is flowing on the top surface of a thin flat sheet of solid naphthalene of length 0.2 m with a velocity of 20 m/sec. The other data are: Mass diffusivity of naphthalene vapor in air = 6 * 10 –6 m2/sec Kinematic viscosity of air = 1.5 * 10 –5 m2.sc Concentration of naphthalene at the air-solid naphthalene interface = 1 * 10 – 5 kmol/m3 Calculate the overage mass transfer coefficient over the flat plate. Note: For heat transfer over a flat plate, convective heat transfer coefficient for laminar flow can be calculated by the equation. Nu = 0.664 ReL1/2 Pr1/3 you may use analogy between mass and heat transfer.
A
0.014 m/sec
B
0.015 m/sec
C
0.016 m/sec
D
0.013 m/sec
In the reaction,
if the concentration of both the reagents is doubled then the rate of the reaction will
A
remain unchanged
B
quadruple
C
reduce to one fourth
D
double
A solid-oxide fuel cell is fed with carbon monoxide and reacts with air to produce CO2. This reaction will produce 2 electrons which are used to power an electric circuit external to the fuel cell. The reaction equation is shown below: 2CO(g) + O2(g) -> 2CO2(g) ΔHr° = -565.96 kJ/mol This reaction does not occur for other types of fuel cells which use a catalyst, such as polymerelectrolyte membrane or phosphoric-acid fuel cells. The presence of carbon monoxide on the anode side of these types of fuel cells will cause catalyst poisoning, reducing the efficiency and voltage of the fuel cell. Determine the rate of enthalpy change for a carbon dioxide production rate of 208 mol/hr. The extent of the reaction occurring in the fuel cell can be obtained by the following equation: where:
A
-16.35 kW
B
-15.35 kW
C
-16.45 kW
D
-15.45 kW
What is the monoisotopic and average mass of valine? Given data: Mass of the most abundant isotope of Carbon (C°)=12.0000, Mass of most abundant isotope of Hydrogen (H°)=1.0078, Mass of most abundant isotope of Oxygen (O°)=15.9949, Mass of most abundant isotope of Nitrogen (N°)=14.0031, The average mass of Carbon (C)=12.011, The average mass of Hydrogen (H)=1.008, The average mass of Oxygen (O)=15.999, The average mass of Nitrogen (N)=14.007.
A
99.068 and 99.2361
B
99.216 and 99.326
C
99.111 and 99.321
D
99.068 and 99.132
Rate constant for a first order reaction does not depend upon reaction time, extent of reaction and the initial concentration of reactants ; but it is a function of reaction temperature. In a chemical reaction, the time required to reduce the concentration of reactant from 100 gm moles/litre to 50 gm moles/litre is same as that required to reduce it from 2 gm moles/litre to 1 gm mole/litre in the same volume. Then the order of this reaction is
A
0
B
1
C
2
D
3
Consider a given volume of liquid at a temperature T below Tm with a free energy G’. If some of the atoms of the liquid cluster together to form a small sphere of solid, the free energy of the system will change to G, given by________ (Assume V1 volume of the solid sphere, V2 volume of liquid, A is the solid/liquid interfacial area, γ solid/liquid interface free energy, G1 and G2 are the free energies per unit volume of solid and liquid respectively).
A
V1G1 + V2G2 + Aγ
B
V1G2 + V2G1 + Aγ
C
V1G1 + V2G2 – Aγ
D
V1G2 + V2G1 – Aγ
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and click the button corresponding to it.
Modern civilization is completely dependent on energy, which has therefore to be abundant and also economical. About 85% of the world's energy is supplied by oil, coal and natural gas while nuclear, hydro, wind and solar power and biomass supply the rest. Coal, nuclear and hydro are used primarily to generate electricity while natural gas is widely used for heating. Biomass is used both for heating and cooking. The wind and solar power is the future's hope as they are sustainable energy sources. Oil powers almost all machines that move and that makes oil uniquely versatile. Oil powered airplanes carry 500 people across the widest oceans at nearly the speed of sound. Oil powered machines produce and transport food. Oil powered machines are ubiquitous. Clearly, we live in the age of oil but it is drawing to a close. According to data available if oil production remains constant until it's gone, there is enough to last 42 years. Oil wells will produce less as they become depleted, which will make it impossible to keep production constant. Similarly natural gas and coal will last another 61 years and 133 years respectively. Naturally, as they become scarce, they become expensive, leading to a worldwide energy crisis. If we are to survive on this planet, we have to make a transition to sustainable energy sources. The transition may be willy-nilly or planned - the choice is ours. The dawning era of limited and expensive energy will be very difficult for everyone on earth but will be even more difficult if it is not anticipated. It is of utmost importance that the public and policymakers understand the global energy crisis and act in tandem to ensure that the species 'homo sapiens' does not become extinct. Biomass is an energy source used in
A
agriculture
B
industry
C
homes
D
offices
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and click the button corresponding to it.
Modern civilisation is completely dependent on energy, which has therefore to be abundant and also economical. About 85% of the world's energy is supplied by oil, coal and natural gas while nuclear, hydro, wind and solar power and biomass supply the rest. Coal, nuclear and hydro are used primarily to generate electricity while natural gas is widely used for heating. Biomass is used both for heating and cooking. The wind and solar power is the future's hope as they are sustainable energy sources. Oil powers almost all machines that move and that makes oil uniquely versatile. Oil powered airplanes carry 500 people across the widest oceans at nearly the speed of sound. Oil powered machines produce and transport food. Oil powered machines are ubiquitous. Clearly, we live in the age of oil but it is drawing to a close. According to data available if oil production remains constant until it's gone, there is enough to last 42 years. Oil wells will produce less as they become depleted, which will make it impossible to keep production constant. Similarly natural gas and coal will last another 61 years and 133 years respectively. Naturally, as they become scarce, they become expensive, leading to a worldwide energy crisis. If we are to survive on this planet, we have to make a transition to sustainable energy sources. The transition may be willy-nilly or planned - the choice is ours. The dawning era of limited and expensive energy will be very difficult for everyone on earth but will be even more difficult if it is not anticipated. It is of utmost importance that the public and policymakers understand the global energy crisis and act in tandem to ensure that the species 'homo sapiens' does not become extinct. The energy sources of the future are
A
nuclear and hydro power
B
coal and natural gas
C
wind and solar power
D
oil and biomass
If the amplitude or oscillation of a simple pendulum is very small, then its time period of oscillation
1. depends on the length of the pendulum, L.
2. depends on the acceleration due to gravity, g.
3. depends upon the mass of the bob of the pendulum, m.
4. does not depend upon the amplitude of the pendulum, A.
Select the correct answer:
A
1, 2 and 3
B
1, 2 and 4
C
2, 3 and 4
D
1 and 4