The optical source used in a fiber is an injection laser with a relative spectral width $$\frac{{{\sigma _\lambda }}}{\lambda }$$ of 0.0011 at a wavelength of 0.70μm. Estimate the RMS spectral width.

The optical source used in a fiber is an injection laser with a relative spectral width σλ/λ of 0.0011 at a wavelength of 0.70μm. Estimate the RMS spectral width.

A

1.2 nm

B

1.3 nm

C

0.77 nm

D

0.98 nm

A multimode step index fiber has source of RMS spectral width of 60nm and dispersion parameter for fiber is 150psnm-1km-1. Estimate rms pulse broadening due to material dispersion.

A

12.5ns km-1

B

9.6ns km-1

C

9.0ns km-1

D

10.2ns km-1

A multimode step index fiber has source of RMS spectral width of 60nm and dispersion parameter for fiber is 150psnm^-1km^-1. Estimate rms pulse broadening due to material dispersion.

A

12.5ns km-1

B

9.6ns km-1

C

9.0ns km-1

D

10.2ns km-1

Two monochromatic waves having frequencies $$\omega $$ and $$\omega + \Delta \omega \left( {\Delta \omega \ll \omega } \right)$$ and corresponding wavelengths $$\lambda $$ and $$\lambda - \Delta \lambda \left( {\Delta \lambda \ll \lambda } \right)$$ of same polarization, travelling along X-axis are superimposed on each other. The phase velocity and group velocity of the resultant wave are respectively given by

A

$$\frac{{\omega \lambda }}{{2\pi }},\,\frac{{\Delta \omega {\lambda ^2}}}{{2\pi \Delta \lambda }}$$

B

$$\omega \lambda ,\,\frac{{\Delta \omega {\lambda ^2}}}{{\Delta \lambda }}$$

C

$$\frac{{\omega \Delta \lambda }}{{2\pi }},\,\frac{{\Delta \omega \Delta \lambda }}{{2\pi }}$$

D

$$\omega \Delta \lambda ,\,\omega \Delta \lambda $$

What is/are true about ridge regression?
1. When lambda is 0, model works like linear regression model
2. When lambda is 0, model doesn't work like linear regression model
3. When lambda goes to infinity, we get very, very small coefficients approaching
04. When lambda goes to infinity, we get very, very large coefficients approaching infinity.

A

1 and 3

B

1 and 4

C

2 and 3

D

2 and 4

________ couplers combine the different wavelength optical signal onto the fiber or separate the different wavelength optical signal output from the fiber.

A

3-port

B

2*2-star

C

WDM

D

Directional

A multimode step-index fiber has a core refractive index of 1.5 and relative refractive index difference of 1%. The length of the optical link is 6 km. Estimate the RMS pulse broadening due to intermodal dispersion on the link.

A

92.6 ns

B

86.7 ns

C

69.3 ns

D

68.32 ns

The beat length in a single mode optical fiber is 8 cm when light from a laser with a peak wavelength 0.6μm is launched into it. Estimate the modal birefringence.

A

1×10-5

B

3.5×10-5

C

2×10-5

D

4×10-5

If the first two statements are true, the third statement is :
I. Oat cereal has more fiber than corn cereal but less fiber than bran cereal.
II. Corn cereal has more fiber than rice cereal but less fiber than wheat cereal.
III. Of the three kinds of cereal, rice cereal has the least amount of fiber.

A

true

B

false

C

[C. uncertain

Determine the attenuation per kilometer for a fiber whose length is 2 km, output voltage is 2.1 V at a wavelength of 0.85μm. The output voltage increases to 10.7 V when the fiber is cut-back to leave 2 metres. Determine the attenuation per km for the fiber at wavelength 0.85μm.

A

2.8dB/km

B

3.1dB/km

C

3.5dB/km

D

8dB/km