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The concentration of oxygen at the inner surface of the vessel is maintained at a level C depending on the pressure in the vessel, while the concentration at the outer surface is reduced to zero by the escape of oxygen to the surroundings. A steady state will eventually be reached when the concentration everywhere reaches a constant value. Provided D is independent of concentration there will be a single concentration gradient in the wall and the thickness of the wall is L, the flux is given by________________

Correct Answer: DC/L
Here in this equation the concentration gradient is given by (0-C)/L and the diffusion coefficient is D. Hence the product of this gives the flux.

A university library budget committee must reduce exactly five of eight areas of expenditure—I, J, K, L, M, N, O and P—in accordance with the following conditions: If both I and O are reduced, P is also reduced.
If L is reduced, neither N nor O is reduced.
If M is reduced, J is not reduced.
Of the three areas J, K, and N exactly two are reduced. Question : If both K and N are reduced, which one of the following is a pair of areas neither of which could be reduced?

The rear window of an automobile is made of thick glass i.e. AB = 5 mm and thermal conductivity is 0.8 W/m degree. To defrost this window, a thin transparent film type heating element has been fixed to its inner surface. For the conditions given below, determine the electric power that must be provided per unit area of window if a temperature 5 degree Celsius is maintained at its outer surface. Interior air temperature and the corresponding surface coefficient are 20 degree Celsius and 12 W/m2 degree. Surrounding air temperature and the corresponding surface coefficient are – 15 degree Celsius and 70 W/m2 degree. Electric heater provides uniform heat flux

A large plane, perfectly insulated on one face and maintained at a fixed temperature T 1 on the bare face, has an emissivity of 0.84 and loses 250 W/m2 when exposed to surroundings at nearly 0 K. The radiant heat loss from another plane of the same size is 125 W/m2 when bare face having emissivity 0.42 and is maintained at temperature T 2 is exposed to the same surroundings. Subsequently these two planes are brought together so that the parallel bare faces lie only 1 cm apart and the heat supply to each is so regulated that their respective temperatures T 1 and T 2 remains unchanged. Determine he net heat flux between the planes

The inner wall of a furnace is at a temperature of 700°C. The composite wall is made of two substances, 10 and 20 cm thick with thermal conductivities of 0.05 and 0.1 W.m-1.°C-1 respectively. The ambient air is at 30°C and the heat transfer co-efficient between the outer surface of wall and air is 20 W.m-2.°C-1. The rate of heat loss from the outer surface in W.m-2 is

A composite wall is made of two layers of thickness δ1 and δ2 having thermal conductivities k and 2k and equal surface area normal to the direction of heat flow. The outer surface of composite wall are at 100 degree Celsius and 200 degree Celsius. The minimum surface temperature at the junction is 150 degree Celsius. What will be the ratio of wall thickness?

The two surfaces of a 5 mm thick plate of carbon steel are maintained at a carbon concentration of 104 mol. m-3 on one side and zero concentration on the other side. Taking the diffusion coefficient of carbon in austenite to be 10-11 m-2.s-1, the steady state flux (mol.m-3.s-1) through the thickness of the steel is

A high pressure cylinder consists of a steel tube with inner and outer diameters 30 and 60mm respectively. It is jacketed by an outer steel tube, having an outer diameter of 90mm. Maximum principal stress induced is 80N/mm². Calculate the radial stress due to shrink shift in inner tube. b) -3.04 c) -3.04 d) +3.04

A high pressure cylinder consists of a steel tube with inner and outer diameters 30 and 60mm respectively. It is jacketed by an outer steel tube, having an outer diameter of 90mm. Maximum principal stress induced is 80N/mm². Calculate the tangential stress due to shrink shift in inner tube. b) -3.04 c) -3.04 d) +3.04

A black body of total area 0.045 m2 is completely enclosed in a space bounded by 5 cm thick walls. The walls have a surface area 0.5 m 2 and thermal conductivity 1.07 W/ m K. If the inner surface of the enveloping wall is to be maintained at 215 degree Celsius and the outer wall surface at 30 degree Celsius, calculate the temperature of the black body

Consider we have a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger, with the inner tube of Outer diameter 20mm (thickness 2mm) and outer tube of inner diameter 30mm. We have two fluids A & B, we desire to have their flow rates as 15 Kg/s and 21 Kg/s respectively. Calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient from tube to annulus side. (Given Nusselt number on tube side = 496 and K = 15W/mK)