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A steel strap is serving as a support for the steam pipe. The strap is welded to the pipe and bolted to the ceiling. The junction between the support strut and the ceiling is adiabatic, and the outside temperature of steam pipe is 105 degree Celsius. The strut AB is 60 cm high and AD = BC = 12.5 cm. It is 0.3 cm thick. Workout the rate at which heat is lost to the surrounding air by the support strut. It may be assumed that thermal conductivity for steel is 45 W/m degree, the total outside surface coefficient is 17 W/m2 degree and the surrounding air is at 32 degree Celsius

Correct Answer: 178 W
α x/α 0 = t x – t a/t 0 – t a = cos m (l – x)/cos ml.

A water line is buried underground in dry soil that has an assumed initial temperature of 4.5 degree Celsius. The pipe may have no flow through it for long period of time, yet it will not be drained in order that no freezing occurs, the pipe must be kept at a temperature not lower than 0 degree Celsius. The pipe is to be designed for a 30 hour period at the beginning of which the soil surface temperature suddenly drops to – 17 degree Celsius. Workout the minimum earth covering needed above the water pipe so as to prevent the possibility of freezing during 36 hour cold spell. The soil in which the pipe is buried has the following properties Density = 640 kg/m3 Specific heat = 1843J/kg degree Thermal conductivity = 0.345 W/m degree

The rear window of an automobile is made of thick glass i.e. AB = 5 mm and thermal conductivity is 0.8 W/m degree. To defrost this window, a thin transparent film type heating element has been fixed to its inner surface. For the conditions given below, determine the electric power that must be provided per unit area of window if a temperature 5 degree Celsius is maintained at its outer surface. Interior air temperature and the corresponding surface coefficient are 20 degree Celsius and 12 W/m2 degree. Surrounding air temperature and the corresponding surface coefficient are – 15 degree Celsius and 70 W/m2 degree. Electric heater provides uniform heat flux

In a surface condenser, the water flowing through a series of tubes at the rate of 200 kg/hr is heated from 15 degree Celsius to 75 degree Celsius. The steam condenses on the outside surface of tubes at atmospheric pressure and the overall heat transfer coefficient is estimated at 860 k J/m2 hr degree. Find the effectiveness of the heat exchanger. At the condensing pressure, stream has a saturation temperature 0f 100 degree Celsius and the latent heat of vaporization is 2160 k J/kg. Further, the steam is initially just saturated and the condensate leaves the exchanger without sub-cooling i.e. only latent heat of condensing steam is transferred to the water. Take specific heat of water as 4 k J/kg K

In a surface condenser, the water flowing through a series of tubes at the rate of 200 kg/hr is heated from 15 degree Celsius to 75 degree Celsius. The steam condenses on the outside surface of tubes at atmospheric pressure and the overall heat transfer coefficient is estimated at 860 k J/m2 hr degree. Find the number of transfer units of the heat exchanger. At the condensing pressure, stream has saturation temperature 0f 100 degree Celsius and the latent heat of vaporization is 2160 k J/kg. Further, the steam is initially just saturated and the condensate leaves the exchanger without sub-cooling i.e. only latent heat of condensing steam is transferred to water. Take specific heat of water as 4 k J/kg K

A heating unit is made in the form of a vertical tube of 50 mm outside diameter and 1.2 m height. The tube is fitted with 20 steel fins of rectangular section with height 40 mm and thickness 2.5 mm. The temperature at the base of fin is 75 degree Celsius, the surrounding air temperature is 20 degree Celsius and the heat transfer coefficient between the fin as well as the tube surface and the surrounding air is 9.5 W/m2 K. If thermal conductivity of the fin material is 55 W/m K, find the amount of heat transferred from the tube without fin

A heating unit is made in the form of a vertical tube of 50 mm outside diameter and 1.2 m height. The tube is fitted with 20 steel fins of rectangular section with height 40 mm and thickness 2.5 mm. The temperature at the base of fin is 75 degree Celsius, the surrounding air temperature is 20 degree Celsius and the heat transfer coefficient between the fin as well as the tube surface and the surrounding air is 9.5 W/m2 K. If thermal conductivity of the fin material is 55 W/m K, find the amount of heat transferred from the tube with fin

A heat exchanger shell of outside radius 15 cm is to be insulated with glass wool of thermal conductivity 0.0825 W/m degree. The temperature at the surface is 280 degree Celsius and it can be assumed to remain constant after the layer of insulation has been applied to the shell. The convective film coefficient between the outside surface of glass wool and the surrounding air is estimated to be 8 W/m2 degree. What is the value of a critical radius?

The temperature variation of a thick brick wall during periodic heating or cooling follows a sinusoidal waveform. During a period of 24 hours, the surface temperature ranges from 25 degree Celsius to 75 degree Celsius. Workout the time lag of the temperature wave corresponding to a point located at 25 cm from the wall surface. Thermo-physical properties of the wall material are; thermal conductivity = 0.62 W/m K; specific heat = 450 J/kg K and density = 1620 kg/m3

The oven of an electric store, of total outside surface area 2.9 m2 dissipates electric energy at the rate of 600 W. The surrounding room air is at 20 degree Celsius and the surface coefficient of heat transfer between the room air and the surface of the oven is estimated to be 11.35 W/m 2 degree. Determine the average steady state temperature of the outside surface of the store

The interior of an oven is maintained at a temperature of 850 degree Celsius by means of a suitable control apparatus. The oven walls are 500 mm thick and are fabricated from a material of thermal conductivity 0.3 W/m degree. For an outside wall temperature of 250 degree Celsius, workout the resistance to heat flow