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When the tail-water depths in the river downstream of a spillway are quite low such that the tail-water curve at all discharges lies below the post jump depth curve, then the energy dissipation can be affected best by ___________________

Correct Answer: a ski-jump bucket
Energy dissipation bucket called ski-jump bucket is used when the tail-water depth is insufficient or low at all discharge. It requires sound and rocky river bed. Water may shoot up out of the bucket and fail harmlessly into the river at some distance downstream of the bucket.

When the TWC lies below the JHC at all discharges, the problem can be solved by which of the following provisions? i. Constructing a sloping apron above the river bed ii. Provision of roller bucket type of energy dissipator iii. Provision of a ski-jump bucket iv. A sloping apron below the river bed v. Construction of a subsidiary dam vi. A sloping apron partly above and partly below the river bed

Directions : Following question consists of a statement followed by three arguments I, II and III . You have to decide which of the arguments is a STRONG arguments and which is a WEAK Argument.

Statement : Should all the students graduating in any discipline desirous of pursuing post-graduation of the subjects of their choice be allowed to enrol in the post-graduate courses?

Arguments :
I. Yes. The students are the best judge of their capabilities and there should not be restrictions for joining post-graduate courses.
II. No. The students need to study relevant subjects in graduate courses to enrol in post-graduate courses and the students must fulfil such conditions.
III. No. There are not enough institutes offering post-graduate courses which can accommodate all the graduates desirous of seeking post-graduate education of their own choice.

A man can cross a downstream river by steamer in 40 minutes and same by boat in 1 hour. If the time of crossing Upstream by streamer is 50% more than downstream time by steamer and the time required by boat to cross same river by boat in upstream is 50% more than time required by in downstream. What is the time taken for the man to cross the river downstream by steamer and then return to same place by boat half the way and by steamer the rest of the way?

An ogee spillway of a concrete gravity dam having FRL of 328 m and MWL of 340 m is provided with vertical gates between piers erected on the spillway. The effective length of the spillway is 60 m. The discharge through the spillway when gates are opened up to the actual reservoir level of 331.0 m will be_____________

The energy dissipation at the toe of the spillway is affected basically by the use of hydraulic jump in _______________________

If D1 and D2 are depths of water upstream and downstream of a hydraulic jump, the loss of head at the jump, is

Consider the atomic jump. An atom next to a vacancy can make a jump provided it has enough thermal energy to overcome the activation energy barrier to migration. However, most of the time the adjacent site will not be vacant and the jump will not be possible. The probability that an adjacent site is vacant is given by_________. (X is the probability that any one site is vacant, z is the number of nearest neighbours)

Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
The Amazon basin has been continuously inhabited for at least 10, 000 years, possibly more. Its earliest inhabitants were stone-age peoples, living in hundreds of far-flung tribes, some tiny, others numbering in the tens of thousands. It was from the west that Europeans explorers first arrived. In 1541 a Spanish expedition from Quito, led by Gonzalo Pizarro, ran short of supplies while exploring east of the Andes in what is today Peru. Pizarros cousin Francisco de Orellana offered to take 60 men along with the boats from the expedition and forage for supplies. De Orellana floated down the Rio Napo to its confluence with the Amazon, near Iquitos (Peru), and then to the mouth of the Amazon. Along the way his expedition suffered numerous attacks by Indians; some of the Indian warriors, they reported, were female, like the Amazons of Greek mythology, and thus the worlds greatest river got its name. No one made a serious effort to claim this sweaty territory, however, until the Portuguese built a fort near the mouth of the river at Belém in 1616, and sent Pedro Teixeira up the river to Quito and back between 1637 and 1639. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Portuguese bandeirantes (groups of roaming adventurers) penetrated ever further into the rain forest in pursuit of gold and Indian slaves, exploring as far as present-day Rondônia, and the Guaporé and Madeira river valleys. Amazonian Indians had long used the sap from rubber trees to make waterproof bags and other items. European explorers recognized the potential value of natural latex, but were unable to market it because it tended to grow soft in the heat, or brittle in the cold, and thus had limited appeal outside the rain forest. However, in 1842 American Charles Goodyear developed vulcanization (made natural rubber durable) and in 1890 Irelands John Dunlop patented pneumatic rubber tires. Soon there was an unquenchable demand for rubber in the recently industrialized USA and Europe, and the price of rubber on international markets soared. As profits skyrocketed, so did exploitation of the seringueiros, or rubber tappers, who were lured into the Amazon, mostly from the drought-stricken northeast, by the promise of prosperity only to be locked into a cruel system of virtual slavery dominated by seringalistas (owners of rubber-bearing forests). Rigged scales, hired guns, widespread illiteracy among the rubber tappers, and monopoly of sales and purchases all combined to perpetuate the workers debt and misery. In addition, seringueiros had to contend with jungle fevers, Indian attacks and all manner of deprivation.
In which year did the fort was built by Portuguese near the river Belem?

The formation of hydraulic jump at the foot of a spillway is one of the common methods of energy dissipation because ______________________

The discharge passing over an ogee spillway is given by (where, L is effective length of spillway crest and H is the total head over the spillway crest including velocity head.)