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Clause (4) of Article 13 of the Indian Constitution which was inserted by the 24<sup>th </sup>Amendment Act, 1971, states that a Constitution Amendment Act, passed according to Article 368 of the Indian Constitution is a law within the meaning of Article 13 and would, accordingly be void if it contravenes a fundamental right. This amendment was declared void in which of the following cases?

Correct Answer: Minerva Mills v. Union of India

Which of the following statement/s about Fundamental Duties is/are not correct?
1. The Fundamental Duties are incorporated in Article 51A (part IVA) of Consitution.
2. The Fundamental Duties are inserted in the Constitution by the 42nd Constitution Amendment Act, 1976.
3. The Fundamental Duties have to be fulfilled by every person living in India.
4. The eleventh Fundamental Duty was added by the 86th Constitution Amendment Act, 2006.
Choose the correct answer:

Which of the following reasons led to the setting aside of the practice of 'talaqe- biddat', triple talaq in Shayara Bano v. Union of India, (2017) 9 SCC 1?
(1) Section 2 of the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937 was a pre-constitutional legislation within the meaning of Article 13(1) and violative of Article 14 of the Constitution of India on the ground of arbitrariness.
(2) Section 2 of the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937 was a pre-constitutional legislation within the meaning of Article 13(1) and violative of Article 15 of the Constitution of India, being discriminatory.
(3) Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937 is not a law regulating triple talaq but the practice of triple talaq was against the basic tenets of the Holy Quran and no practice against the tenets of Quran was permissible.
(4) 'Talaq-e-biddat' is integral to the religious denomination but the Supreme Court may injunct this practice as a means for severing matrimonial relationship.

Parliament in exercise of power under Article 368 makes a law which does away with the 'fundamental right conferred under Article 15 of the Constitution of India. The Executive seeks to defend the challenge instituted in court based on clause (d) of Article 368, which prohibits such action being questioned in court on any ground. Can the challenge in Court be sustained?

Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect?
1. Chapter III on Fundamental Rights of the Constitution is based upon Bill of Rights of the U. S. A.
2. Right to die' is a Fundamental Right Under Article 21 of the Constitution
3. Indian Constitution is a Complete Federal Constitution
4. Fundamental Rights can be waived under the Indian, Constitution

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court held that an amendment of the Constitution under Article 368 was 'law' within the meaning of Article 13 of the Constitution of India

Which of the following statements are true/false?
1. Article 43A of the Indian constitution deals with par icipation of workers in management of industries.
2. Article 37 of the Indian constitution clearly states that men and women have equal right to an adequate means to livelihood.
3. Article 43 states that the government should work to provide all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard oflife and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities.4. Article 42 of the Indian constitution stands for just and humane conditions ofwork and maternity relief.

Part XIV-A entitled "Tribunals" was inserted by the Constitution (Forty Second) Amendment Act, 1976. Clause 2(d) of Article 323-A and Clause (3)(d) of Article 323-B excluded jurisdiction of all courts, except that of the Supreme Court under Article 136. In which case were these clauses struck down as being unconstitutional to the extent they barred the jurisdiction of the High Courts under Articles 226/227 and that of the Supreme Court under Article 32?

Article 368(4) inserted by the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution, 1976 declared as invalid by the Supreme Court. In which one of the following cases it was held

Consider the following statements:
The doctrine of prospective overruling propounded by the Supreme Court in Golaknath Case held that the decision will have only prospective operation and was intended to save
1. Constitution (4th Amendment) Act
2. Constitution (24th Amendment) Act
3. Constitution (17th Amendment) Act
4. Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act
Which of the statements given above are correct?

If a + b + c + d = 4, then find the value of $$\frac{1}{{\left( {1 - a} \right)\left( {1 - b} \right)\left( {1 - c} \right)}}$$     + $$\frac{1}{{\left( {1 - b} \right)\left( {1 - c} \right)\left( {1 - d} \right)}}$$     + $$\frac{1}{{\left( {1 - c} \right)\left( {1 - d} \right)\left( {1 - a} \right)}}$$     + $$\frac{1}{{\left( {1 - d} \right)\left( {1 - a} \right)\left( {1 - b} \right)}}$$     is?