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Assertion (A): Courts cannot review the question as to what "aid and advice" is given by the Council of Ministers to the President.<br>Reason (R): The question of 'aid and advice' by the Council of Ministers is a "non justiciable issue".

Correct Answer: Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

Article 74(2) the question whether any, and if so what, advice was tendered by Ministers to the President shall not be inquired into in any court.
In the light of article 74(2) and decided cases, test the correctness of the following statements:
Statement 1. The Courts are justified in probing as to whether there was any material on the basis of which the advice was given, and whether it was relevant for such advice and the President could have acted on it.
Statement 2. When the Courts undertake an enquiry into the existence of such material, the prohibition contained in article 74(2) does not negate their right to know about the factual existence of any such material.

Under Article 74 of the Constitution of India, there shall be a council of ministers to aid and advice the President who shall act in accordance with such advice. In which one of the following case, the President is not bound by the advise of the council of ministers?

Assertion (A): A Governor is always supposed to act on the advice of the Council of Ministers in matter of appointment of the Chief Minister.
Reason (R): Like Article 74(1), Article 163(1)of the Constitution of India make it mandatory for the Governor to act in accordance with the advice tendered by the Council of Ministers.
Choose the correct option from below:

Consider the following statements:
1. After the President of India has asked the Council of Ministers to reconsider the advice given by the Council of Ministers, the President may not act in accordance with the advice rendered after such reconsideration.
2. The President of India can grant pardon under Article 72 of the Constitution of India, to any person convicted of any offence.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Read the Assertion (A) and (R) are give the correct answer:
Assertion (A): The Council of Ministers is the hub of the parliamentary form of government.
Reason (R): The Council of Ministers (Cabinet) is constituted from the majority party.

Where two or more courts have taken cognizance of the same offence and a question arises as to which of them ought to inquire into or try the offence, the question shall be decided
1. If the courts are subordinate to the same High Court, by that High Court
2. By the High Court within the local limits of whose appellate criminal jurisdiction the accused resides, carries on business or is engaged in a gainful employment
3. If the courts are subordinate to the same High Court, by that High Court in consultation with the State Government concerned
4. If the courts are not subordinate to the same High Court, by that court within the local limits of whose appellate criminal jurisdiction the proceedings were first commenced
Which of the above are correct?

Given below are two statements, one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other labeled as Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct answer:
Assertion (A): The Council of Ministers holds office during the pleasure of the President of India.
Reason (R): The President of India can dismiss the Ministers at his discretion.

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer:
Assertion (A) Fundamental Duties are non-justiciable.
Reason (R) They are supposed to inculcate a sense of patriotic and sensible citizenship.

To constitute a matter of res judicata which of the following conditions must concur?
1. The matter directly and substantially in issue in the subsequent suit or issue must be the same matter which was directly and substantially in issue either actually (section 11, explanation III) or constructively (section 11, explanation IV) in the former suit
2. The former suit must have been a suit between the same parties under whom they or any of them claim. Explanation VI of Section 11 must be read with this condition
3. The parties as aforesaid must have litigated under the same title in the former suit
4. The court which decided the former suit must have been a court competent to try the subsequent suit of the suit in which such issue has been subsequently raised. Explanation II of section 11 is to be read with condition
5. The matter directly and substantially in issue in the subsequent suit must have been heard and finally decided by the court in the first suit. Explanation V of section 11 is to be read with this condition

"Article 74 (1) is mandatory and therefore, the President cannot exercise the executive power without the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers", was observed by the Supreme Court in: